"How Was The Biblical Canon Formed? Tracing the Evolution of Sacred Scriptures

By Jude Obuseh
The compilation of the Bible into its present form occurred gradually over centuries, shaped by historical, cultural, and religious factors.

The Old Testament, comprising ancient Hebrew texts, was largely formed by Jewish scribes and religious leaders. These texts, including historical accounts, laws, poetry, and prophetic writings, were transmitted orally before being transcribed and preserved in written form, culminating in what is known today as the Hebrew Bible or Tanakh.

The New Testament, containing writings about Jesus Christ and the early Christian Church, developed over time. These texts circulated among early Christian communities in the form of letters, accounts, and teachings. Authors like Paul, John, and Peter contributed to these writings, which were later collected and disseminated among various Christian groups.

While the Council of Nicea in 325 AD addressed theological disputes, it did not specifically decide on the Bible's contents. Subsequent Church councils and leaders engaged in debates and discussions to determine which writings should be considered sacred and part of the biblical canon. 


The Councils of Hippo (393 AD) and Carthage (397 AD and 419 AD) were pivotal in affirming the list of books considered canonical, solidifying the Old and New Testaments.

Even after these councils, ongoing discussions persisted regarding certain texts. The process of finalizing the canon continued into subsequent centuries, and different Christian traditions varied in their acceptance of specific texts. Through continued debates and consensus-building, the Bible gradually gained universal recognition among Christian communities.

In essence, the formation of the Bible was a dynamic process, involving multiple deliberations and decisions by religious authorities and scholars across centuries. These efforts aimed to preserve sacred texts and establish a unified canon guiding Christian faith and practice.

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